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n order to unify the kinase names among a variety of phosphorylation-associated resources which contain various names for a kinase, the information of human and mouse kinases are referred to the annotations in KinBase. According to the annotations of kinase family and subfamily in KinBase, totally 543 human kinases and 558 mouse kinases are categorized into 243 and 246 kinase families, respectively. However, the annotation of rat kinome is not included in KinBase. Due to the high sequence homology between mouse and rat, the protein sequences of 558 mouse kinases were used to identify the orthologous kinases in rat, which has identified a total of 320 kinases in rat.
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he experimentally verified phosphorylation sites are mainly extracted from dbPTM, which has integrated six phosphorylation-associated resources such as Phospho.ELM, PhosphoSitePlus, PHOSIDA, SysPTM, HPRD, and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. In this update, we not only enhance the data content of phosphorylation in human but also integrate the experimentally verified phosphorylation sites as well as the catalytic kinases in mouse and rat.
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n addition to the kinase-substrate phosphorylations, this update has integrated the information of metabolic pathways and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) to implement the network analysis for a group of interested genes/proteins.
For the information of experimentally verified physical interactions, over ten PPI databases have been integrated. In addition to physical interactions, the STRING database also consists of predicted functional associations (co-regulation in curated pathway, co-occurrence in literature abstracts, mRNA co-expression and genomic context) with confidence scores between proteins.
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